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I'm going to take a stab at it and say your redirects should look like this:
RewriteRule ^olddir(.*)$ newdir$1 [R=301,L] As Slade says, use a 410-Gone for pages which have no logical replacement, and a 301-Moved Permanently redirect for those which have been renamed or functionally replaced.
Also, heed WebGuerilla's warning about PR transfer... You may never regret taking a shortcut to save some work, but you will never regret conforming to the protocols and doing things right.
To redirect all requests for resources in /olddir to the same-named resources in /newdir, you can use the following code.
In .htaccess, using mod_rewrite:
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^olddir/(.*)$ http://www.yourdomain.com/newdir/$1 [R=301,L]
RedirectMatch permanent "^/olddir/(.*)$" http://www.yourdomain.com/newdir/$1
Jim