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The following link is a list of search results, the fourth one down being a .pdf file on the IEEE website. Now, when you go to it you're redirected to a "login required" screen. This is cloaking, is it not? How do you go about doing something like this?
[google.com...]
It's more likely a URL rewrite, where the user agent is detected as a browser, and the URL is rewritten to the URL of the login page.
To do something like that yourself, look into the Apache module Mod_Rewrite [httpd.apache.org]. You might also be able to get some help in the Apache forum [webmasterworld.com].