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1. Why do some incoming links to a url show on Google's 'backward Links' and others not?
I have a competitor with at least 100 sites linking to them, and have done for a year or two, but Google does not show them on the toolbar/backward links. This seems to be reflected in that competitor's relatively low PR. I have another site where only about one half of the actual incoming links are displayed in Google's backlinks.
2. Is PR feed by Google's 'backward links' or by what links can be found in a Google search for that domain name? E.G. Search for "domain name" and all the pages with that domain name text on them (most of which are outgoing links) are displayed by Google. Does Google spider these links when it spiders the pages they are on? What determines PR, 'backward links' or actual spidered pages with the outbound links on them?
Any help with these two questions would be great.
You can try this "+www.domain.+com" which will show many of your incoming links (courtesy of ogletree) or alternatively you can try Yahoo or MSN to get a clearer idea. But none are perfect.
2.PR is not feed by Google's 'backward links'. Google indexes all links on a page up to 100 and the pr value that a link passes is based on that pages pr value less 0.15 (if I remember correctly) divided by the number of links on the page.
If you want to find out more I suggest you search "pr formula site:www.webmasterworld.com" on google.
Finally PR no longer has the weight it once did and there other factors you may wish to concentrate on like anchor text.
PS welcome to webmasterworld.
I hope that helps