...Yandex was the first.
Came across an interesting interview dated June 2011 from seomoz interviewing an expert in International search (areas where G is weak).
See the following:
[
seomoz.org...]
I thoroughly recommend viewing the entire video. Cliff notes version: in 2008 G was beginning to claw back market share in Russia, and Yandex responded by introducing wide-spread machine learning, and clawed back market share and then proceeded to whoop G's backside.
If you want to check how Yandex's english language search rates your site, put it through
[
yandex.com...]
it might give you clues as to where G is heading as Yandex is further along the machine learning route.