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Is there a way to sit up straight and remain comfortable, too?
But there are ways to make it less easy to slouch.
Place you back rest far forward so it hugs the base of the spine - this should straighten you up a bit. I did this for the same reason you mention and now I get a sore back if I(when)slouch forcing me to sit up.
(also a regular massage is a sure way to reduce the need to slouch :) )
In my other life I am a Environment, Safety & Health manager for a large corporation.... so ergonomics is a topic I've been around on many occasions.
Rule 1 is get a decent, sturdy chair... fully adjustable for seat tilt, height & back adjustment. It does not need to cost a fortune. Sit up straight, adjust so that your feet are flat on the floor and the chair back makes contact with the small of your back. If your feet don't reach the floor, get a foot rest. Take a break every 20 mins... stretch, change the eye's point of focus.
2) In every office I have ever looked at, the IS&T team are an ergonomics disaster area... common scenario is a captains chairs leaning way back in a reclining position, arms reaching forward and up, wrists dropped through 90 degrees and fingers pointing onto the keyboard like pecking implements. Eyes glued to the screen for hours at a time, never getting up (why, I'm too comfortable like this!) Head
held forward on arching neck so that the sweet spot in the bifocals lets them read the screen...
Computer aided drafting (CAD) is another bad area.
If this sounds familiar.... make a change. Your body will thank you. Accept that prolonged periods in front of a screen using a keyboard puts you in a high risk category for ergonomic impact. Minimize that risk.
Lots of good ergonomic reference sites on the net.