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But is it spamming if you have a page on your site with a large amount of quality content, and then somewhere on the page a paragraph with the names of a few dozen athletes? No repetition of words or names, just a line of text "On our site you can find info about the following athletes" followed by one long paragraph with a list of totally different athlete names seperated by commas.
I see designers ranking well in the SERPS doing this all the time by listing the names of 20-50 small cities on a particular page that already has keywords related to their services. This obviously works (especially with obscure cities), but is this black hat and asking for a penalty?
A lot of it too depends on the specific category, and exactly how what you want to do is implemented.
You're on the right track insofar as you see a potential problem here. So look at what's going on around you, and to the extent that it looks safe or borderline safe, develop a strategy that you feel good about personally. And keep an eye on it. Make sense?