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[google.com...]
You may be able to find better definitions on the WebmasterWorld glossary:
[webmasterworld.com...]
But, in the spirit of the questions, here's my take:
Hidden Text: Text on a page that isn't readable by a normal browsing human. The most common reason is the text color and page color are the same or similar. This can get you outright banned, even happened to BMW.
Doorway Pages: webpages setup specifically to interest search engines, not humans. Often one per keyword, frequently on a different domain than the one you want people to see. The page itself has little redeeming value and will either redirect people to the "real" page or otherwise push them to go there.
Sneaky Redirects: Ever click on a link or image and end up somewhere that seems completely different or unexpected? Sometimes the screen flashes once or twice? The basic problem here is creating a page with lots of good keywords or optimization for search engines, but if a real person shows up they are automatically redirected to somewhere else. Clever ways to hide this intent from the search engine make it sneakier. The webmaster doesn't want real browsers seeing any of the page, ever.
The common principle of each of these, and probably most search engines' public enemy number one, is trying to show different info to people and robots. If they figure out you're trying to do this, you'll be sorry.
Hard one especially since there are a lot of legitimate reasons for doing this.
So, don't over-stuff your metatags, and for god's sake don't use keywords in them that don't appear on the page.
I think this relates to the idea that SEs look for over-optimisation. So make your page look natural. You don't need to use the same keyword in 5 <H> tags etc.
What does your code look like? Does it look like a guide to laying out a document or does it look like it's optimised for a bot and a mess for humans?