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Many of us feel that SEO moves too fast for any book to be very useful, most are out of date by the time the first copy hits the bookstores.
There is a lot of information here at WebmasterWorld. You can learn a lot by simply browsing, but it may be more efficient to check the library that comes with each forum. The link (in rather small type) is just below the forum title on the forum index page.
One specific post that many have found extremely useful as a starter is Brett's Successful Site in 12 Months with Google Alone [webmasterworld.com].
What do you guys think is the most important part of the seo to get a high google ranking?
Read Brett's article first :)
A lot of people will say "Anchor text" and leave it at that.
The magic of Google is that they do not depend on any one factor but on over 100 factors. So I believe that it is at best suboptimal for an SEO to focus on one factor to the exclusion of the others.
An excellent paper is The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine [www7.scu.edu.au] by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page (the founders of Google). It explains page ank, but also the sophisticated way in which they use on-page factors.
So my answer is "There is no single most important part, all matter".
I read in another board, that there might be a google update today. is this true?
Hehehe, stick around here and you'll read about Google updates by the minute. Check out the Google News Forum [webmasterworld.com] for more information.
And regarding Google updates, it is very frustrating because two days ago one of my website suddenly starting doing much better with a bunch of search terms. Traffic was coming in! The Google loving stopped after two days, and no more traffic.