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Should be treated like any URL, mine is my.isp.net/~myname and is certainly included.
Whatever your domain name incoming links from good sites (DMOZ and Yahoo are often mentioned as starter links) are essential for getting a decent rank. The more the better as long as you avoid "bad neighbourhoods" like link farms.
If I understand your question, correctly, once your site is indexed, the outbound links on your site will be considered incoming links for those sites you linked to. Search engines in spidering your site will find your links and the domains they go to will get "credit", so to speak.
Qualified incoming links for you to get value from, will be those companies that have an outbound link to your site. As you know, those that are within your same theme area are the most valuable links to you. Of those in your theme area, "authority" sites are the greatest value. Authority sites are those with more links to them than go out from them.
Search Engine listings will NOT usually qualify as a link to you.
Yahoo, Google Directory and Dmoz WILL, along with a number of other directories (Looksmart will NOT count)
Shak
When everyone talks about an "outbound link", they are referring to a page on a Web site somewhere that links to you. That may be a Directory like Shakil mentioned and any other site that will link to you.