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Is this because there has been an update of some kind?
Not an update as such, (mostly used in an algo sense these days), more like G found your site as part of the ongoing crawl/indexing and put you in the serps.
Can I now start to check the effectiveness of search terms on the sites now that Google acknowledges the existance of the sites?
Yeah, man. You're good to go by the sounds of it, indexed etc. Congrats. Next step, of course, is to keep adding new pages with good content, and to get more quality incoming links.