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What affect would it have if I began to get external links for a page that is deep within my site. Would this boost the PR for my homepage, and/or the entire site?
It seems like most ppl send links directly to the homepage?
I'd suggest: If you already do fine on the HP have some deeplinks (for keyword reasons).
You can feed google with more targetted keywords when deeplinking.
If the linking site has much PR : link to HP
If the linking site has little PR : deeplink
But that's just a feeling, no scientific reason :)
PR wise I may see a slightly lower boost on the root index, but I value targeted traffic higher than PR. A surfer friendly navigation will pass all incoming PR to the right targets by the way, regardless where the point of entry is located. I know a few high PR index pages getting the majority of their PR from interior pages which are deep linked from outside.
Another point is keyword relevancy, deep inbounds produce a nice amount of interior pages which rank fine for two and three word keyword phrases. Probably these deep linked pages bring in more (targeted) traffic than HP inbounds.
Just my 2 cents.