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Take a good look at Google Information for Webmasters [google.com]. Specifically note:
The best way to ensure a high listing on Google is for your page to be linked from lots of pages on other sites. Google's robots jump from page to page on the Web via hyperlinks, so the more sites that link to you, the more likely it is that we'll find you quickly.
For a brief explanation of PageRank see PageRank Explained [google.com] on the Google site.
For many long discussions use the site search function.
Otherwise you can only see the pagerank of the main page if it is listed in the google directory. I have never done that (since I have the toolbar), you may look at Google Directory PR vs. .Google Toolbar PR [webmasterworld.com] and follow some of the links given there.