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The term ceramic comes from the Greek word for pottery. It is used to describe a broad range of materials that include glass, enamel, concrete, cement, pottery, brick, porcelain, and chinaware. This class of materials is so broad that it is often easier to define ceramics as all solid materials except metals and their alloys that are made by the high-temperature processing of inorganic raw materials.Ceramics can be either crystalline or glass-like. They can be either pure, single-phase materials or mixtures of two or more discrete substances. Most ceramics are polycrystalline materials, with abrupt changes in crystal orientation or composition across each grain in the structure. Ceramics can have electrical conductivities that resemble metals, such as ReO3 and CrO2.
BTW, I don't know what all of the above means, but it sounds like if it's solid and not a metal, it's ceramic. :)
Ceramics are produced by heating natural earth until it changes form (without melting -- glasses are formed by earth heated until it melts and then cools).
Answers.com [answers.com]
Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Looks like purists and/or parsers could go to town with the nuances between these, and other, related (some more than others) substances.