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So the same image on different pages should carry the same ALT text; along the lines of 'company name - link to home page', 'company logo' or whatever, in the case you describe.
While I doubt that varying the ALT text would get you a ban (unless an obsessive rival added it to a list of transgressions), it is an abuse of the purpose of the ALT attribute, and would certainly cause confusion for visually challenged visitors, as well as image searchers.
But unless you've seriously abused ALT, I'd not worry too much about what you've already done, except as part of general site tidying.
The exception would be if you have rivals who are likely to to be looking for trouble (rare, in most niches!).
It's a good habit to get into, and there's little doubt that there's some SEO value, too.
[edited by: Quadrille at 3:18 pm (utc) on Sep. 11, 2008]