how google knows to direct me to local site

like .google.co.il

[meirab]

hello

when i try to "get" .google. and even when i press ctrl-d after i am inside - i save it, and later when i try to enter .google. by pressing it, i get .google.co.il

---> google transferd me to different cluster/site.

1.what is name of this behavior?

2.how can i do it or incorporate it in a site in order to
move clients from one site to another that is less overloaded?

[Eltiti]

Google can use your IP address to determine your location, and also your "preferred language" to determine your, eh, preferred language. The first is a form of "geotargetting", I guess; not sure about the name of the second. ("Localization"?)

<added>The "preferred language" is sent to the server by the browser; to find the location matching an IP address, you'll need to get your hands on a special database.</added>