This is obviously a newbie question, so I'm certain that the best answer will be a link to the FAQ where it's been asked and answered before, so my apologies in advance ...
When you type words in a Google search box, how do you tell / what are the tools you use to show how the results managed to sort the way they did?
What tools can tell you how a different combination of ads/keywords/landing page would have changed things?
A tutorial on bidding for keywords would also be helpful, as right now I have no idea how much one would bid in order to meaningfully increase chances of hitting the first search results page.
I'm so new to this that a link to the "compendium of FAQs" for this site would be helpful ...