(continuing... and my apologies for taking so long, but the subject had really gotten off topic, and I need to completely reword what I'd written. Please forgive some repetition in spots.
A bit of review for common title stats... 600 pixels approx equal 70 characters and is considened max display width.
10 pixels = 1.25 characters ...
...so 1 calculate that, 1 character = approx approx = 8 pixels. But characters do vary widely in width.
Average title is is 55 characters long, with average being 50-60 char. 600px, the maximum width = 75 characters... but, again, search engines need flexibility to adjust displays, allow for bold highlight, and to make sure that the don't chop into words, so they tend to err on keeping things smaller than their max.
Going back to the first example title deeper posted...
Professional holistic and psychological therapy of serious diseases * cancer
At first I wasn't sure what the asterisk meant, whether it was equivalent, say, to an equals sign, but I came to take it as symbolic, not to be counted, and that you weren't going to include it in your title. Before I did that, though, I had done a character count, and I leave it below, as it's slightly instructive.
Regarding precise and approximate measures of display length... in the US, anyway, since Google has eliminated the ads on the side and widened the content column, my rule of thumb for title length has been to keep a title less than 70 characters *if* it doesn't contain many caps or wide letters. Lots of lower-case "L"s and "i"s usually make a 70-character count a given.
But if the title lengths were full, or if you've got very many wide letters, like "M"s or "W"s, or a lot of upper-case characters, or many bolded queries returned, the pixel width of the title tag would increase, and, if it gets wide enough, three-dots representing an ellipsis may also get added at word breaks so the beginning part of the title will fit.
Words going beyond the ellipsis do get indexed, but, again, they are not visible to the searcher... Also, note my remarks below about proximity effects.
Google avoids breaking up a word itself, so truncated titles often tend to chop off words before the end, just to make sure there's room. 70 characters is considered a good rule for the max width, even though 600px is the spec. 70-characters at 8px per character, which is 560px,
These breaks are for display, not indexing, but of course searchers can't see what's chopped off beyond the ellipsis. Reading suggests that an ellipsis itself is about 3-characters long, including dots and leading and trailing spaces. Also, the last time I tested this, there is a proximity algo at work between words in a title, and you might lose the phrase connection between keywords at the beginning and keywords at the end. of a title.
How exactly Google chooses break points is not always clear or consistent, but the interruption is between words, never with a word. Common wisdoml is to stay below 70-char if you don't want to get words chopped off.
I ran some test with the Moz Title Tool, which I know that Dr Pete built including character width as a factor, and, iirc, I was at a presentation in San Francisco when he first introduced the tool and took questions, so I trust it more than some more anonymous tools.
Again, here is deeper's submission of an example in English, taking to account the word breaks and line lengths anticipateed, with roughly the proper word lengths. What I'm about to do is see how this title does on the Moz Title tool, which I use to check crtical truncation breaks, and to see if I can figure out what's getting shortened.
Professional holistic and psychological therapy of serious diseases * cancer
The Moz tool is on this page...
Moz 2019 Title Tag Best Practices https://moz.com/learn/seo/title-tag [moz.com]
Now, here are some word-by-word title character counts, that I'd use in guess-timates, with the example title deeper posted (not counting the end hyphen I'm using for clarity after the title, between the title end and the character count).
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Professional holistic and psychological therapy of serious diseases * cancer - 76 characters...
--- (end cutoff in the tool still shows "serious ...)" (While a truncation is to be expected from a width of 76 characters, I wonder why it chopped off "diseases". Thoughts below....
- 67 char approx = 536px, getting down there into complaint territory
---
Professional holistic and psychological therapy of serious diseases cancer - 74 characters to end of "cancer"
--- (end shows after split as "serious ...) (ie, both words of "serious diseases" drop, which is perhaps to be expected as above, but perhaps a surprise, as it would seem that dropping "cancer" and the leading space alone would eliminate 7 characters and bring it down to 67. Not so, but an important clue, perhaps a discussion point all by itself.
My theory is that the programming of the tool could be such that when two words are dropped because they exceed the pixel count, the programming initially scores the second word, "cancer", as exceeding the 600 px by itself at the end... and this adds an ellipsis between the words "serious" and "diseases".
--=
Professional holistic and psychological therapy of serious diseases - 67 characters to end of "diseases"
---(in the Moz tool, this is the first title submission that suggests that the entire title will appear. If that's the case, it may be that less is more, as anything thats inevitably going to include ellipses may nibble back further into the title for safety. It's possible I'm completely misinterpreting something about that the tool shows. Also, there's got to be a mechanism in Google for keeping the display ed title from disappearing entirely if long submissions are made. ;)
Anyway, IMO its odd that the fullest version of the title that the Moz Tool suggest will be displayed is the longest full version that doesn't get truncated when submitted. This also suggests that the strategy of submitting longer titles, where you assume that the whole title will get indexed and that those non-displaying keyword will count (and in the past I've agreed with that assumption), might have a downside of not fully displaying. It may also be that Google caught on to longer submissions that buried keywords at the end, and that something has changed.
----
I should add that all of the above is conjecture, based on the tool results. One would have to compare what's submitted and displayed in the tool with what gets indexed and displayed in the Google SERPs, and perhaps also to look at other tools. I chose the Moz tool mainly because I know the thought that went into an earlier version of it. And in fact, I've always assumed putting the the Brand Name at the end, will get the Brand Name indexed, and get most of the rest of the title displayed. Now, I'm wondering if there's a trade-off... get it all indexed, but less of it will show. Doesn't seem right. Consider this as a 4am work in progress.
I'd love to get reports back that this is all wrong, and that there's a much cleaner, simpler explanation. In any event, I'm hoping this does get some thoughts going.
More maybe later about the difference between a list and a sentence. No time for now to elaborate on that.. which may be an entirely separate reason for why the titles are being edited. I have that mostly written. Just too late to submit.
(Sorry for closing the thread for a while. It seemed necessary.)