As Goodroi ponts out, what constitutes best practice is continually evolving, and with the range of sites that exist (even when looking at quite a small niche) there couln't possibly be a one-size-fits-all solution.
Apart from anything else, Google doesn't always get it right (they wouldn't keep making algorithm changes if
they thought so, never mind whether the rest of us do), so shaping your site to satisfy Google wouldn't necessarily improve it.
If you focus on customer/user requirements and making your content accessible you won't go far wrong. Ask yourself who will want to find your product or content, why they will want to find it, and how well your site answers that need. Bear in mind that they need to
find it, and that search-engines are not a free signpost to it, particularly if a human visitor on your Home page can't locate it quickly and easily: your site needs to be navigable.
Backlinks are still important (although that too may change), so try to produce content that others will want to link to.
When it was written, Brett Tabke's guide ([
webmasterworld.com ]) would probably have been the answer to your question, and although some of it is now out of date much of it is good advice, and it is still worth reading.