Starting about 5 or 6 years ago I saw this beginning to shift such that if one were in a certain geo-locale the appropriate cctld site version increasingly dominated.
Now this is strange since I used to have my sites in 10+ languages under various cc.tlds and have experienced the opposite to yourself with more and more results, until localisation, returning .com sites in both the regular and image SERPs.
In fact I am seeing in many cc.tlds with English language searches US sites dominating for my widgets even though they are not the original producer/source supply.
Granted when searching in a cc.tld in a specific foreign language Google usually does serve results from that country HOWEVER in my widget industry many of the products, even though they are from Brazil, China, India, Spain, Turkey, etc, are given English names for marketing purposes, it is only when using my sites one can find out the original product name.
Based on the above I would test some possibilities:
Whilst in China last week several of us were considering your possibilities, plus a few more creative ones, however surely it is ridiculous that we should even have to consider this?
Unfortunately, Google seems firmly on the path to increased personalisation, which means localisation will also increase.
I tend to agree and it would seem be the sensible thing to do which also therefore begs the question "Does Google need a different business index" for people searching local/national/international business supplies/producers and dedicated to a minimum netbook/10" tablet?
My sites work beautfully on any device but to understand the products and images, realistically they need to be viewed on a larger screen ... hey my Lumia smartphone diplays stuff perfectly with its Continuum Display Dock on a 27" HD monitor ... but most people do not take viewing to this level, or do they?
My feeling is, insofar as my widget trade is concerned, that Google is going to lose my global trade's interest and that a major widget portal, the main two are Chinese and Indian, will try and clear-up their current messy efforts and thereby offer their own dedicated widget version of Ebay/Amazon/Alibaba.
Google has some serious thinking to do if it is going to preclude major sections of industry from its searches.