Google used to indicate a page's "supplemental index" status in the SERP's; this is long gone.
But sometime in the last year they have reinstated the very easy to do non-supplemental test:
site:www.example.com/*
This simple syntax will show results with pages that are not considered supplemental on your website. This syntax was probably broken for most of 2009, but it is back and working.
To get a list of your supplemental pages use:
-site:www.example.com/* site:www.example.com
These pages will not have images in the Google images results.
Make sure you sequence to at least the second page and perhaps the last page of these result to get a accurate page count from Google (Click Next!)
Your non-supplemental pages are the only pages that will show in the AOL search results. Try site:www.example.com at AOL and the number of results will closely match site:www.example.com/* on Google.
Supplemental status used to be a disaster, but now a days your supplemental pages will show in the search results just like your non-supplemental pages.
I believe Google simply chooses a certain percentage of a website's pages to be supplemental. Certainly Google considers these pages to be less important or less useful or less searched for topics. Pages such as Terms, Privacy Policy, even About may be supplemental. Pages with little content as well.
The supplemental test might help you choose pages to improve, and perhaps even create less useful pages that will help you meet your "supplemental" quota, whatever percentage that might be. Also you may have site design flaws causing most of your pages to be supplemental. (While writing this I found sites that are almost completely supplemental.)
I believe PageRank and inbound links will decrease this supplemental percentage threshold perhaps all the way to zero (No supplemental pages!) While I was experimenting Google challenged me to see if I was a BOT.
About this page:
Our systems have detected unusual traffic from your computer network. This page checks to see if it's really you sending the requests, and not a robot. Why did this happen?
So much for supplemental!