Forum Moderators: not2easy
The good news is, sure, you can increase the resolution of the image in almost any imaging software.
The bad news is it can't put in what's not there, so say doubling the resolution to 144dpi will give you 2x2 black pixels where you previously had 1 black pixel - ie, it's going to look as pixelated as if you were just to magnify the original one. (well, some programs can do some 'smoothing' and such, but the results are never that great in my experience). If it's a simple logo, you can do quite well with a lot of hand editing.. but it's a pain in the bum.
If it's that big you really don't have to do anything but convert it to CMYK (it's probably RGB now) place it in your DTP program, size it and this will output to film or plate just fine.
If you resample to a new resolution, whether you go up or down in resolution, always stay in multiples of the original size, in this case 144 or 288. This will maintain the best clairity possible.