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Not necessarily. Staleness is major concern, as observed with DirectHit. However, there would be many different ways to measure use data, and most of of these measurements would have one or more counter-balances.
For example, total unique visitors would be an obvious measure, but why not also the growth rate of unique visitors? Then it is only a matter of tweaking the knobs back and forth until you get an ideal mix of old and new.
more later...
Benefits:
1) Difficult to fake actual traffic. Even click bots would be difficult if search engine's source traffic directly from a toolbar with a private key or something similar (security ain't my area - sorry)
2) Data still available on a page by page basis.
3) I like your idea of growth rate too. Meaning that a site that gets press or other types of public exposure automatically gets a boost in relevance for its on page factors. Once the 'buzz' recedes, so does the boost.
4) Ability to treat this data as a seperate 'knob' or multiply with link pop to add sanity to the link pop score.
Risks:
1) Quality sites that do not get a lot of search traffic and/or do not advertise and/or do not have an existing large user base are inconvenienced to the factor that their "competition" are benefitted by their own traffic levels.
One could argue this may lead to the popular sites perpetually dominate SERPs.
2) Toolbar data may be argued to have a skew in its sample. Is the toolbar user a regular user? How will the use of this data effect the users who do not have toolbars installed? Are there any large differences in SERP expectation?
3) Leads onto the inherent Alexa type arguments, but in this case - the data is only one of 100 algo factors, so by and large should be beneficial to relevance.
I would bet the farm that Yahoo and Google are already trying out stuff like this.
...this may lead to the popular sites perpetually dominate SERPs.
Your risk #2 is an extremly valid point - the demographics of toolbar users are not representitive of internet users in general (for instance there is no version of the toolbar available to the 10% of us who prefer linux or mac and associated broswers). Alexas top 100 [alexa.com] makes it painfully obvious that their stats favor those who will install anything - amoung the top 20 are several susspect sites including for instance, gator (aka claria, a spyware advertiser) and an ip address that hosts no content. The last thing the internet needs is spyware number one for say "desktop weather" or "wallet plugin" or anything remotly similar.
That said the thing that could differentiate google from alexa is factoring quality of traffic rather then quantity only. When the top alexa site has 16 page views on average and the top spyware has 1.8 (both stats gathered from alexa), your able to quickly gauge which one is providing a service and which one a disservice.