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It's possible that their linking patterns tend to be closer to what Google wants to give weight to, but that's a different issue from the TLD itself.
Major universities, colleges, even public schools have had their sites for a long time.
Speculation of course.
As such, I would think it is safe to say Google may "overweight" .edu web pages, but not .edu domains themselves. It wouldn't make any sense to weight a .edu personal homepage over one on a .net or .com.