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I take what GG says with a grain of salt, ultimately, I trust my observations.
The main Google index, which we see on Google.com, of course doesn't discriminate between docs running under TLDs - and why should it? Google indexes the worldwideweb, they don't care for TLDs.
Ranking of docs is based on the whole plethora of factors we are discussing regularly: links, linktext, links, linktext...a bit of onpage factors. No TLDs involved.
In that process it's totally obvious that serps contain docs from all kinds of TLDs.
Only after this regular ranking process filters get applied, which produce serps returned when users set filters, like language or country filters.
But...there's the growing quest for geo-targeting. Orignally this quest has to do with the ability to deliver ads to specific target groups.
Second it has to do with political issues. Not all results are suitable for all countries. Similar not all related news or special searches, like telephone numbers, are suitable worldwide.
Third many commercial listings are not relevant worldwide.
So Google has started implementing geo-targeting. It looks like that is still pretty shaky and experimental.
We have however seen several instances of people, mostly from the US, complaining about sudden flooding of serps with results from sites running under ccTLDs.
I wonder if this is either the result of a geo-targeting filter not (yet) applied, or gone wrong.