YEAR:
-----
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM occurrence_timestamp) FROM table;
QUARTER:
--------
SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM occurrence_timestamp)/4 FROM table;
However some databases, like MySQL, have a WEEK function that comes in handy for queries such as these...
SELECT
YEAR(payday) AS Year,
WEEK(payday) AS Week,
AVG(amount) AS Avg
FROM salary
GROUP BY YEAR(payday), WEEK(payday)
;
SELECT
payday,
AVG(amount) AS Avg
FROM salary
GROUP BY payday
;
Yearly:
SELECT
YEAR(payday) AS Year,
AVG(amount) AS Avg
FROM salary
GROUP BY YEAR(payday)
;