Previous WebmasterWorld threads have reported a consensus that the circumstances that need to come together for an Adword to be automatically "sent north" to the premium spot are a combination of CTR, bid amount, and keyword impression volume. Googleguy said going north was controlled by a automatic algorithm, not human decision.
[webmasterworld.com...]
Shak
I don't know about the min charges. There are no upfront min charges but I don't know if there is a certain amount of clicked charges your have to rack up before you can move up.