Vantelli, about a week before you posted this thread, you started a thread whose title suggested that you were fairly aware what your problems were. I gave you some answers and asked a few almost rhetorical questions... including some hosting and backlink questions... that I thought were sufficiently clear that you would figure out the rest...
Duplicate Content, Manual Action, and Multiple Sites? Oct 7, 2016 https://www.webmasterworld.com/google/4821209.htm [webmasterworld.com]
Though you've since mentioned the thread, the discussion we're having now should have been a continuation of that discussion. Your title in the other thread suggested enough awareness about the issues that I've thought maybe you were in denial about them here.
Now, I'm guessing, it's maybe because you don't understand the difference between dupe content and reworded content, where the rewording doesn't really change any information. To a degree, it might be a subtle point. You may also not understand why it is that reworded content
under certain hosting and linking conditions might make Google think that you're spamming.
The conditions that probably apply to you...
- 7 or 8 similar Made-For-Adsense sites
- on the same server
- with backlinks that could appear to be coordinated
- backlinks from non-authoritative sources that are clearly related.
Regarding the content itself... Shaddows gives you a really solid basic answer on this thread, and I recommend you reread it a bunch of times.
Re why you ranked once but are now being out-ranked by scrapers, that's perhaps because you were ranking because of links that have now come to be discredited, or the algorithm has gotten more refined. Too many variables to give you a more precise answer.
To answer the question you're asking on this thread, "Does Google Penalize Webmasters?"... I'd say, No, unless those webmasters continue to spam (and continue to use the same techniques). At a some point, particularly post-Panda, penalties might get harsher, particularly if, as aristotle suggested, you submit too many reinclusion requests before fixing the problem.