Is there any risk of me losing the domain because of the false registration information? I will renew it before it expires and pay with a valid credit card.
If someone has an interest in your domain, they could easily file an Invalid WhoIs complaint, conveniently linked from the WhoIs page at Godaddy. If the name is also registered with Godaddy, they will disable it.
Be warned and good luck
The owner of the domain is often likely to be the third party Privacy Service rather than you. You have a contract with them which may give you substantially less protection than if your name is in the WHOIS.