A user clicking on the google link "http://www.example.com/component/content/67-todays-news/181-news-story" sends exactly "http://www.example.com/component/content/67-todays-news/181-news-story" to your server.
So what is the filepath that you need to use (inside the server) to fetch and serve that content? I would think that the filepath (possibly with a query string) would have to indicate which article is to be served...
On the other hand, if you are actually intending to use http://www.example.com/news-story as the linked URL, and want to serve
the content of /component/content/67-todays-news/181-news-story, then that won't work, as there is no way for mod_rewrite or the server to "know" which article is desired, unless you hard-code the "67" and the "181," and then change your code daily or hourly -- whenever the article to be associated with that URL changes.
The bottom line is that you can't map one URL to many filepaths, and you likely don't want to serve the same content for multiple requested URLs. So it would probably be a good thing to back up and describe what it is (from a practical/functional standpoint) that you are trying to accomplish.
Jim