aakk9999 - 4:20 pm on Jan 21, 2013 (gmt 0)

Google treats page.html and page.html#anchor

This is incorrect. Google treats the above as the same URL, that is, there will be no duplicate content issue.

There have been some tests performed with a page that has two outbound links to the same URL with the difference being named anchor, and these tests seem to show that in that case the same link passed two different anchors to the target page, but this is nothing to do with "Google treating it as separate URLs".