i'm starting to think what i need is a RIGHT JOIN... but whilst messing around i'm becoming even more perplexed how come the first two queries return different numbers of records. however #3 and #1 match?
1) SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN tickets ON customers.cstId = tickets.cstId
2) SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM tickets) AS tickets ON customers.cstId = tickets.cstId
3) SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM tickets WHERE 1) AS tickets ON customers.cstId = tickets.cstId